1.1 virus disease
The general performance of diseased leaves, chlorosis, necrosis and deformity of 4 kinds of symptoms. Mosaic type plants slightly chlorotic leaf, or a thick, light green and white mosaic plants, no obvious deformity, dwarf plants, without causing defoliation. Chlorosis leaves turn yellow and leaves appear. The diseased part of necrotic tissue browning showed necrosis, streak, dieback, mottled necrosis or bad spots. Deformity of the diseased leaves into a linear deformation, namely fern leaf, plant height, branch number or a bundle branch. Sometimes several symptoms in the same plant, caused by leaves, flowers and fruits, seriously affect the yield and quality of pepper.
Control measures: (1) select resistant varieties: pepper is generally more resistant than sweet pepper; early maturing varieties are more resistant to disease than late varieties. According to actual conditions, resistant varieties with high yield and good quality suitable for local cultivation are selected. (2) timely sowing, early sowing, plant cultivation, planting strong short seedlings, or the use of protective measures for early planting, early results, to enter the peak period of virus disease, pepper fruit has full branch, developed root system, plant health and disease resistance. (3) soaking seeds with 10% phosphoric acid: three, soak 20 to 30 minutes after the wash in the germination, seedlings before planting and flowering were sprayed 0.1% ~ 0.2% zinc sulfate. (4) strengthen cultivation management: rotation and intercropping. Shizujifei, watering, especially in the harvest period pay attention to water and fertilizer retention. (5) with passivation, soybean powder or saponin powder 11.25 kg/hm2 225 kg/hm2 water spray pepper; early onset spraying Potassium Permanganate 1000 times liquid, or 1% superphosphate leaching solution to improve disease resistance; Penncozeb liquid medicine 800 times liquid or virus A reagent; spray 0.3% 86 preparations in each spraying before transplanting 15 d after planting, 30 D and 1 times of bud.
1.2 blight
Pepper Blight can occur throughout the growth period, and easily cause devastating losses. In seedling stage, the basal part of the stem is a water soaked soft rot, and the upper part is dark green and lodging. Adult stage damages the main stem, branch, fruit, leaf and petal. The base and branches of the stem are damaged, and they begin to be soaked in water, and then expanded and become dark brown, and often break off from the diseased part. The diseased plants develop rapidly, and the whole plant dies at about 20 days after the disease. The diseased fruit showed irregular dark green soaking spots, soft rot, common white mold shaped, slightly wrinkled, after to grey white, brown or black dead fruit last. The roots become brown and rot, and the plants wilt, but the vascular bundle does not change color. The losses caused by root rot, branch blight and rotten fruit are very serious. The disease is prone to occur under high temperature and wet conditions, especially in summer or autumn after heavy rain or rainstorm.
Control measures: (1) crop rotation was practiced to avoid continuous cropping with Solanaceae and cucurbit crops. (2) use 25% metalaxyl 1000 times liquid soaking for 2 hours, and raise seedlings with disease free new soil, in order to prevent seed borne bacteria. (3) the use of high ridge planting to avoid waterlogging, pay attention to control the amount and frequency of watering. (4) after planting with copperoxychloride 800 ~ 1000 times liquid spray and spray plant roots. (5) after the onset of flutter with mildew, dew Buster, kocide, metalaxyl spray, better control effect.
1.3 anthrax
It is a common and harmful disease. Stems, leaves and fruits can be infected, early lesions were water soaked spots, developed into the central gray, dark brown spots around the circle, as the popular hot water, like withered leaves, in the rain, rain suddenly sunny, high humidity is conducive to disease epidemic.
Prevention measures: (1) timely drainage after rain to avoid water accumulation. (2) choose a more ventilated place to grow. (3) copper sulfate 1000 times liquid, or 70% thiophanate methyl 1000 times liquid, or 70% mancozeb 400 times, or 70% chlorothalonil 500 times liquid, or 65% thiram wettable powder 600 times liquid, can also be "120" 2% agricultural antibiotic 150 times liquid spraying plants in the lower key and leaves abaxially. When watering when the temperature is low at noon in high temperature, pouring at noon not sooner or later, dog days of pouring, to prevent the outbreak of disease.
Burning disease of 1.4 day
Physiological disease, rotting flesh, bleaching of the face of the sun hardens, water thinned, pale yellow or gray.
Preventive measures: reasonable density, prevent the leaves; 10 before noon, or watering cooling water spray; spraying 1000 times liquid copper sulfate solution. Boron injection: 40 degrees of warm water, 50 kg plus four sodium borate, 0.1 kg spray; 3 in the afternoon, spray 0.1% calcium chloride solution or calcium superphosphate leaching liquid, leaf back, leaf surface should be even and thoughtful.
1.5 bacterial wilt
In the early stage of the disease, only leaves or 1 leaves of some branches showed wilting, and then extended to the whole plant. The leaves are pale green at first and then brown and dead. The appearance of diseased stems is not obvious. The xylem of the stem section becomes brown, the pith of pulp is hollow. After the moisturizing of the transverse section, the milky white liquid overflows, which is different from the wilt disease. The disease is a disease transmitted by soil, which is easy to occur under the condition of high temperature and humidity.
Preventive measures: mainly on prevention, such as the implementation of rotation, high deep furrow planting, after planting with copper oxychloride 800 ~ 1000 times liquid spraying and spraying plant roots. In the early stage of the disease, spray or drench 200 international units of streptomycin sulfate, or use 77% can kill 500 times liquid, and streptomycin sulfate 4000 times liquid alternately pour root, each plant 250 grams, 7~10 days 1 times, 2~3 times.
2 main pests and control of pepper
2.1 cricket, grub
Preventive measures: (1) drug Valley trap. 5 kg millet or corn, boiled half cooked, slightly dry, non adhesive, mix 90% trichlorfon 120 times liquid 0.20 ~ 0.25 kg, stir dry to 7 into dry, generally 22.5 ~ 37.5 kg/hm2 drug Valley, can be applied into the soil or soil surface, and can also be mixed, seedling.
(2) bait trap. Using wheat bran 5 kg, spraying 90% trichlorfon 30 times liquid to hand into a group, a touch that is available in bulk, irrigation or rain in the evening, and Yu Miao were near the ground, the amount of 22.5 ~ 37.5 kg/hm2.
2.2 aphids
15~25 generations occurred in 1 years, suitable temperature (<28 DEG C), drying is conducive to its occurrence, should grasp the principle of early treatment.
Control measures: (1) silver gray film mulching was adopted to avoid aphid obviously. (2) artificial feeding beetles, spiders, lacewings, released in pepper field. (3) with 80 ~ 1000mg/kg of toyocamycin spray. (4) urinary wash mixture: washing powder: water =2: 1: 1000 spray, or 50% DDVP 1000 times liquid 70% APHID-INFECTING powder 2000 times liquid, 2.5% decis 3000 times and 50% aphid Serena wet powder 2000 times liquid, 21% kill shoot 3500 times liquid control.
2.3 whitefly
Also known as the small white moth, greenhouse pests, compared to aphids small, gregarious leaves back suck juice, the leaves turn yellow, wilt fade, even death, easy to induce sooty more than 10 generations a year, similar to the habits of aphids, tends to yellow.
Preventive measures: the yellow oil plate stick kill, feeding and release with Uranus, lacewing, deltamethrin, buprofezin 2000 times liquid spray control.
2.4 cotton bollworm
4 generations occur in 1 years, like warm and humid place. Unlike cotton, it spawns, not only on the tender side, but also on the back. Prevention and control strategy is to suppress the 1 generation, control the 2 generation, heavy guard against the 3 generation, sweep the residual 4 generations.
Preventive measures: (1) biological control. NPV nuclear polyhedrosis virus, BT, Beauveria bassiana, emulsion of abamectin, Trichogramma, budworm bacteria number 6, at the age of 3 before treatment. (2) chemical control. Kill shot 2000 times liquid, phoxim 2500 times liquid, 3000 times liquid spray anti disashi. (3) insect growth regulators. Inactivated urea 3, 3000 times a night.
