The cause of a, garlic diseases
1. The leaf blight
The bacteria growth temperature range is wide, needs high humidity, disease depends on the temperature in the morning and evening, weight depends on the humidity.Years ago, 11 ~ 12 month 4 ~ 5 months have two peaks in spring.Continuous cropping field, especially puts strain residues heap of the field, the occurrence of serious field.
2. The purple spot
The germs, suitable temperature range wide, require air relative humidity is higher, such as spring pollen, coupled with the April rain is more serious.Along the Yellow River basin, 11 ~ 12 month often rainy weather, and heavy fog, illumination, also can appear peaks.The lack of soil organic matter, partial nitrogen may happen often serious;Usually late varieties, the light purple skin garlic.
3. The virus disease
In high temperature and drought, large amount of aphids or under the condition of the soil is dry, lack of fertilizer, overgrown plots, the onset of the heavier;With other crops allium or liliaceous continuous cropping, adjacent field are also prone to disease.Seeded with poison cloves, morbidity after emergence.
4. Rust
Garlic rust like cool temperature and humidity, the rise of temperature quickly, spring more rain, especially in 3 ~ 5 more rainfall, and there was a breeze, pathogen transmission and intrusion.In the underground water level is high, the soil heavy, low-lying land.
5. Dry rot
Bacteria in Tanzania thick mycelium and spore of overwintering in the soil.The field operation, the use of rotten fertilizers and flies harm caused the wounds of the stem base, is conducive to the invasion of the bacteria.Bacteria growth temperature range for 4 ~ 35 ℃, is the most suitable with 25 to 28 ℃, the onset of optimum temperature for 28 ~ 32 ℃.They were close to mature soil humidity, disease aggravating.Stored during the temperature around 28 ℃, the garlic is the most perishable, and 8 ℃ is very light.
6. White rot
The disease was mainly related to the climate in 4 ~ 5, the period more-and more rain, light, the temperature in the 20 ~ 25 ℃, disease severity, even infestation;The heavy soil, low-lying field or in Lin Ji undergrowth, plots, the onset of heavy;Continuous cropping, the density of water, big or partial nitrogen were heavy;Plastic mulching is full of light.
Second, the method of prevention and cure
1. Select the garlic, rotation alternate husbandry
Seedling selection of garlic before planting, the garlic, disease resistance, insect and robust of garlic.Choose flat, convenient irrigation and drainage, soil organic matter is rich, strong retention of fat for loam, or sandy loam planting garlic, avoid by all means continuous cropping or liliaceous plant continuous cropping, such as onions and garlic.Garlic and alternating of gramineous crops like wheat, corn, planting, can reduce the incidence of disease.
2. Clean the pastoral, mulching film
Garlic harvested, in a timely manner to the field of disease leaves, stalks and other residues and film processing, and the commune 25 cm above the soil, eliminate the residual bacteria in soil.Garlic before planting, soil of the commune, sun the upturned soil more than 15 days, reduce the amount of soil bacteria group, and to increasing organic fertilizer, potassium and micronutrient fertilizer application, improve the nutrition of garlic, promote seedling, improve the disease resistance.Garlic after sowing, plastic film mulching, reduce soil moisture evaporation, to improve the ground temperature, reduce the irrigation frequency and spread the germs.
3. The kind of garlic disinfection, strengthen management
With formalin 300 times 300 times liquid or 50% carbendazim soaked with 3 hours, after full immersion washing, avoid the adr.Garlic growth period, pay attention to timely irrigation, fertilizer and cultivating scarification, keep the soil moist, improve the Mark Twain, maintain robust growth.And be in seedling stage, "mother" period of garlic, garlic moss and bulb) for a long time period in time spray ShiHaiSheng element (contain fulvic acid and canola, foliar fertilizer, similarly hereinafter), mu with 20 ~ 40 ml, promote root development, improve the plant disease resistance and the ability to adapt to the environment.
4. The prevention and control of spraying
