One reason for low germination rate and its solution
1.1 reasons for the low germination rate
Reason for low germination rate mainly include five aspects, one is a kind of incomplete embryo development, weak kind of embryo, deformities, folding embryo embryo and embryo seed coat and embryo sheath (only) is more, seed embryo itself within the deficiency of nutrients, leading to seed germination weakness;Second is a kind of thick skin, seed embryo when not bibulous, felt more thick, hinder seed germination;Three is a kind of big cavity gap, seed soaking by too much water when prone to embryo water necrosis;Four is to temperature conditions the demand is higher, difficult to control accurately, at low temperature germination, germination is weak;Five is improper seed time, such as early harvested, the seed is not yet fully mature, will reduce the seed germination rate.
1.2 solution
(1) scientific selection Choose fully mature, regular shape and the grain plump seeds, is prerequisite to obtain high germination rate, and through the elutriation before sprouting to remove floating on the surface of the abortive seeds, deformed seed, etc.In addition, due to seed to climate, choose the seeds of seed production base in xinjiang in the northwest region produces often is higher than the southern seed production base of seed germination rate.
(2) to control the humidity One is to shorten the seed soaking time, the general will first seed stirring in the 55 ℃ warm water for 20 ~ 30 min, and then use cold water soaked with 3 ~ 4 h.2 it is to control the emergence of environmental humidity, in the process of sprouting, generally do not need again to seed rain water, water spray, to control the emergence of bed or sprouting package humidity.
(3) rub after eliminating mucus seed soaking, sprouting before available whitewash the rubbing seed, remove the skin of viscous material, because of sticky material adverse may seed germination.
(4) artificial hatching Artificial eggs is to improve the seedless watermelon seed germination rate is simple and effective method, the specific approach is to use teeth or with pliers clamp seed beaks, master, the seeds along the suture line a little bit teeth open gap, gap length shoulds not be more than 1/3 of the seed length, pay attention to not too hard, so as to avoid damage of embryo.According to our with black honey 2 comparison test results, in addition to the eggs measures, the processing of other items are consistent, hatching germination rate of 91.3%, not breaking germination rate of only 30.6%.
(5) high temperature sprouting Sprouting method using high temperature and stirring, optimum temperature, namely before early sprouting seeds to be keep accelerating germination temperature at 35 ~ 36 ℃, in seed after stirring, control sprouting environment temperature in 32 ~ 33 ℃, this can speed up the seed germination, prompting a bud out of their shells, reduce nutrient consumption, improve the germination rate, germination and can make the bud of zhuang, full.
6 treatments According to our experiments, under the condition of 25 to 28 ℃, with 20 ~ 25 mg/L of GA3 (GA3) solution soaked, and can improve the germination.Another, according to data of 20 mg/L ABT 6 ABT solution can improve the germination potential and germination rate.
Two reasons for the low rate and its solution
2.1 reasons for the low rate
Reasons for the low rate mainly include four aspects, one is easy to shell (commonly known as "cap") unearthed, namely a kind of covering the germ, the germ see sunshine, germ growth;The second is germ top soil strength is weak, not easy emergence;Third, strict condition of seedling raising seedling, once encounter adverse climatic conditions such as temperature, easy to appear in infancy;Four is rootstocks (2 leaves before) slight weakness, slow growth.
2.2 solution
(1) scientific planting One is suitable for sowing depth, try to make it on their own shell, unearthed from general sowing depth is 0.6 ~ 1.0 cm;2 it is to sow seeds to flat, be helpful for hulling unearthed;3 it is appropriate to cover soil thickness, because of the germ top soil strength is weak, too thick not easy emergence, a thin shell not easily, and young root easily exposed, negative growth, best uniform sieving fine soil 1 cm thick.
(2) in a timely manner to the shell Unearthed, such as seedling "nut" should be after the seedlings were unearthed, while seed soft wet morning carefully will "cap" away, as early as possible in order to ensure the normal growth of cotyledon expansion and in time, attention to "hat" don't harm the cotyledons.
(3) to create conditions In order to strengthen the management of seedling nursery bed temperature and humidity, create conditions, to ensure the healthy seedlings growth.The spring seedling by hotbed or add mulch heating, heat preservation, summer can cover sun-shade net, CaoShan cooling, etc.Seedling unearthed before, control 30 ~ 32 ℃ during the day, night 18 ~ 20 ℃;Cotyledon excavated to true leaf unfolding before, control 20 ~ 25 ℃ during the day, 16 ~ 18 ℃ at night;True leaf unfolds, control from 25 to 28 ℃ during the day, 17 ~ 19 ℃ at night.
Control good seedbed of humidity, reasonable ventilation.Planting day gone watered to soil or seedbed soil nutrients, is generally not watering before emergence, according to the seedbed humidity after emergence, seedling growth, proper water spray, cotyledon excavated should start after the ventilation, ventilation by short and long, ventilation rate and from small to big.
