For the farmers who planted jujube trees, the fruit setting rate of jujube was low, which directly affected the economic benefits of planting jujube trees. Then, what is the reason of low fruit setting rate? How to improve the fruit setting rate of jujube trees? Today, Xiao Bian led us to understand the reasons for the low fruit setting rate and its countermeasures. The details are as follows:
What is the low fruit set rate of Chinese dates?
The soil heavy root was absorption ability
The flower red dates easy, not the existence of "jujube production, every year produces" wrong understanding, no tillage soil for many years, low organic matter content, unfavorable extension of root absorption ability of root, resulting in poor soil nutrients are not fully utilized, the fruit is inhibited.
Less fat and less water
Due to the strong adaptability of jujube trees, most jujube orchards have poor site conditions, extensive management, many trees and free growth, resulting in poor nutritional condition of trees and affecting fruit setting.
Malnutrition
Flowering later, general and new growth was carried out simultaneously, resulting in large amount of nutrients for the leaves to create, for the growth of flower and fruit nutrient is relatively small, resulting in serious shatter.
High temperature causes the phenomenon of flower closure
Generally, when the temperature is too high, Zaohua prone closed flower phenomenon, and jujube flowers period coincides with the high temperature season, unfavorable pollination and fertilization, fruit shedding phenomenon appears at the end.
Low humidity caused by coke flower
If the flower is low in humidity and high in temperature, it will soon appear the phenomenon of burnt flowers, leading to flowers and not real.
In addition, diseases and pests, improper fertilization, tree control wrong will cause varying degrees of flower and fruit drop.
How to improve fruit set rate of Chinese date tree
First, scientific fertilization
As early as 1. base fertilizer: jujube was the flowering tree from spring jujube stock began with jujube germination, growth, inflorescence appear in the axil. Jujube Flower requires large amounts of nutrients, fertilizers should as soon as possible, in order to improve the quality of flower bud differentiation. In the farmyard manure as base fertilizer, adding proper amount of available nitrogen phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on fruit after harvest, early application, the best in late September to mid October application, to meet the needs of jujube spring into flowers, flowering and fruit set. If no fertilizer in autumn, in spring soil thawing as soon as possible after the.
(1) young jujube trees. The ring of summer, supplemented by radial furrow. At the top of the canopy, dig a wide, deep, 40~50 cm circular furrow, mix the soil with the topsoil and fill it with a layer of earth. The position with the crown expanded year by year fertilization outward expansion, and every 2 to 3 years for a radial furrow. The radial furrow in the trunk as the center, 50 cm away from the main digging out 6 radial groove, groove depth of 20 ~ 40 cm, 30 cm wide, near the trunk end light.
(2) jujube trees in full fruit period. The implementation of the quality of farm manure per plant about 100 kilograms, and adding 1 kg urea, NPK compound fertilizer 1 kilograms, mixed evenly spread on the Shupan, near the trunk with less fertilizer, then turn into 20 ~ 30 cm deep water. Try not to hurt more than 0.5 cm in diameter.
2. skillfully dressing:
(1) soil top dressing. Topdressing each year before and after flowering and fruit enlargement period, dug 10 cm deep into the furrow, but also in every tree dug under 7 ~ 10 pit fertilizer, topdressing after soil, watering. In the late flowering stage, the available nitrogen fertilizer was applied, and 1 kg of urea was applied to each jujube tree in the full fruit stage. After flowering, in order to reduce the physiological fruit drop, full fruit period of jujube per plant fertilizer NPK compound fertilizer 1 ~ 1.5 kg. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer were applied after anthesis and fruit expansion respectively.
(2) foliar fertilizer spraying. The urea solution spray once every 15 days 0.3%, 0.3% late spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Spraying fertilizer should be carried out at 10 a.m. or 4 p.m. on a calm day. When there is dew in the morning, it should be sprayed after the dew has dried.
Two, reasonable watering
Jujube although relatively drought tolerant, but to increase the fruit setting rate, must be timely and timely watering, soil moisture. In addition to watering each time after the fertilizer, but also in the water before the germination of jujube, to promote germination, branch and leaf growth and flower bud differentiation. Jujube blossom, fruit setting requires a lot of water, flowering in case of drought, you must water. Watering at flowering stage can not only satisfy the demand of foliage growth for water, but also benefit for pollen germination, complete fertilization process, and thus improve fruit setting rate. If the fruit period of drought, the leaves will compete for water from the fruit, fruit shedding caused wilting, so in this period should also be timely watering.
Three. Water spraying at flowering stage
Flowering water, jujube can improve air humidity, promote flower pollination and fertilization. In the early flowering stage to the flowering of water 3 to 5 times, in the evening still use spray to crown uniform spraying.
Four, timely prevention and control flowering pests
Green fleahopper, jujube leaf is the main pest of jujube ticks, both adults and nymphs sucking buds, development and dry off stops bud damaged. The tree before germination spray 3 ~ 5 Baume lime sulfur mixture before and after flowering, spraying deltamethrin 2 ~ 3 times 2000 times. Spraying should be selected to calm weather, trunk and canopy, ground weed, row crops and comprehensive prevention and treatment, spraying, spraying concentration time. If the victim bud and serious, can be added in the liquid spraying spirit, general 1 spraying spirit (5 ml) of water 40 kg, and 0.5 kg urea plant, then make watering, jujube growth, new bud differentiation.
Five, before pruning
Before pruning to regulate nutrient allocation, inhibit vegetative growth, Wang save nutrients, increase the fruit setting. Pruning method:
1., wipe bud: jujube germination, in time on the branches at all levels of the germination of useless buds and shoots erase.
The 2. branch thinning and branch: the use value of the new year jujube head timely thinning initiation, initiation of new shares such as jujube jujube, fruit set the base of the initiation of the leggy branches over the thick branches of ventilation and light effect, cross branch, overlapping branches, pest branches shall before flowering to fruit thinning. Jujube head and bear long upright pull into a flat shape, to avoid nutrient consumption.
3. topping: before flowering, will not be bone Ganzhi, elongated shoots and large fruit set by pinching jujube heads. Depending on the degree of pinching and growth space, weak light pinching jujube head, strong jujube head pinching; large space light small space heavy pinching pinching.
Six, bloom period opening a
Jujube is a ring opening, peeling, that is, through the trunk to open a, so that the manufacture of leaf organic nutrition temporarily accumulated above a mouth, concentrated supply of flowering, fruit set. The optimum period of opening was half flower bud stage (flowering amount accounted for 30% ~ 50% of bud amount). For the first time on a tree girdling at 30 cm from the ground, after a year in a year more than 5 cm at the mouth. Select the trunk smooth place, first scrape off the old skin, about 1 centimeters wide, deep to reveal the pink cortex. With a knife or knife from the upper girdling scraping parts, the knife surface and trunk vertical cut, cut through the phloem and xylem injury; under the knife from the knife blade 0.3 ~ 0.6 cm, slightly upward cut, cut through the phloem. The girdling phloem tissues in addition to the net. Require a smooth mouth, and the width of the same, no hair stubble. In a liquid E-605 insect opened a mouth with 50 times, every 5 days with 1 times, even with 3 times, to prevent pests a mouth. After airing the nail for 15 days, smooth the nail off with mud. 25~30 days after the opening of a nail, a complete healing of the mouth is normal. If it is too early to do it, circumcision can be performed.
Seven, timely spraying gibberellin
After opening, a clear, calm weather of 9 a.m. or 5 p.m., after spraying 20 mg / kg of gibberellin solution, can significantly improve the fruit setting rate. General spray 1 times, if you find the fruit set is not ideal, you can spray 1 times. Gibberellin insoluble in water, should be used before the use of alcohol or more than 50 degrees of liquor dissolved, and then add water.
Eight, jujube bee
Jujube is entomogamy, jujube bee can improve the fruit rate. The method is: in 2 ~ 3 days before flowering and the hive in orchards, per hectare of jujube 1 boxes of bees. The bee pollinated jujube, florescence banned pesticide sprayed on bees harmful.
