In the long-term growth and development of chillies, the biological characteristics of waterlogging are formed, and the individual plants need not enough water to grow in the dry climate.
The big fruit-type chillies are more strict with water, and the plants will die and die when the water is flooded for hours.
In the case of waterlogging, the plants will cause the plants to resurface and die, the leaves will fall off and the fruit will fall and cause disease.
As much as possible in order to prevent and reduce the loss caused by various diseases, and achieve the purpose of hot pepper production of good quality and high yield, the author based on years of experience, several control measures are put forward, for your reference.
1. Prevention and control of the dead rice seedlings of remy root
Reason: too much due to the monsoon rain, soil nutrients, soil air content less, cause the deterioration of root respiration, coupled with the long rain BaoQing, root absorption capacity is weak, cause water imbalance, is a major cause of chili retting root seedling death.
Prevention and control measures: cleaning the ditch and lowering the drainage.
The flooded vegetable field should remove the water in the field as soon as possible, empty the ground, reduce the time of flooding and reduce the degree of victimization.
To be flooded seriously, the root system already dead chili should clean the field timely, whole ground replay or change a kind.
After rain water garden.
If the summer pepper occurs, the soil temperature should be reduced in time after rain to reduce the soil temperature, which can play a significant role.
Strengthen management.
Although some submerged the heavier, the root did not die of chili, can be appropriately by cut off part too dense branches and leaves on the ground, or use the sun-shade net short-term appropriate shade, prevent the rain sunny exposure, reduce evaporation, prevention of physiological disorders cause plant wilting.
The cultivated land is cultivated.
The soil is cultivated in time, which is beneficial to the growth of root system and drainage.
Foliar fertilization.
If the pepper is flooded in the fruit period, it should reapply the fertilizer.
For leaf surface spray, it can be used for 0.3%-0.5% of urea solution or 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Spray 1 time every 3 to 5 days and spray 3 times.
In order to promote the rapid waterlogging of the new root, it can also be used to supplement fertilizer with the fertilizer application.
Spray.
To increase the resistance of plants by spraying more than 6, 000 times or 7, 000 times.
The prevention of 200ppm of agricultural streptomycin can be sprayed.
Spray 1 time every 5 to 7 days and spray 3 times.
Prevention of disease
The disease of chilies is easy to be caused by the widespread occurrence of pepper diseases, so it is important to prevent and control the disease.
2.1 the types and symptoms of major diseases
2.1.1 anthracnose disease is the main performance of the fruit fruit surface came first wet, brown stain shape round or irregular form of disease spot, slightly concave, which is about 1 cm in diameter, surface producing black or orange red small grains.
The disease causes dry shrinkage and rupture of the fruit, which can be suspended like a tiger skin and called "tiger skin disease".
When wet, the surface often overflows red viscous substance, the disease fruit perishable falls off, hangs on the fruit branch.
High temperature and high humidity conditions are more prone to disease and can spread very quickly.
2.1.2 the symptoms of viral diseases are yellowing, flower leaf, necrosis and deformity.
Light person appears flower leaf, severe time several symptom at the same time appear at the same time, cause the serious consequence such as falling leaves, falling flower, fruit and so on, the light is reduced by 20-30 %, serious time loses 50-60 %.
2.1.3 soft rot Soft rot main harm pepper fruit, especially the Chinese olive, disease of fruit first present water dark green color, then brown soft rot, the pulp internal decay, white fruit, the fruit drying shrinkage after filtration, leaving only pale skin hanging on the branches, with a stench, slightly when the external force is easy to fall off.
2.1.4 pepper blight disease mainly fruit, leaf and stem, especially the stem base, and disease from stem base, more serious when appear black long spot, disease spot green, long for 3 to 5 cm or longer, the disease health junction, disease spot slightly concave or constriction.
The leaf tip or leaf margin produces a large, nearly circular, leaching of the disease, and then the whole leaf is soft, dead, and the damp and white mildew can be seen in the wet.
2.2 prevention and control of diseases
Choose disease-resistant varieties.
It is also an important method to prevent the occurrence of disease.
Cultivate disease-free seedlings.
No disease can effectively prevent or delay the occurrence probability of pepper.
Control pathogenic bacteria.
Practice rotation, reduce the probability of soil transmission, and sterilize the nutritive soil of seeds and seedling.
Scientific and effective management to enhance plant resistance.
In the process of turning over the ground to dig deep, shi foot foundation fertilizer, do not have the organic fertilizer that does not have decomposed, the pursuit of fertilizer follows a small number of principles, and fast irrigation.
The fields can't hold water for more than 40 minutes, or they can easily cause waterlogging.
Clean the field, reduce disease and infect again.
Weeding weeds in fields and fields and finding that the strain should be removed in time, and taking out of the field to be buried deep, and to be disinfected around the strain;
Chemical control methods.
The prevention of anthrax disease, before sowing, immerge 30 minutes with warm water of about 55 degrees or more than 50% of the hydrophobic powders.
Found after strain can choose 80% of anthrax f the wettable powder 800 times liquid, or the use of chlorothalonil 75% wettable powder 500-600 times liquid, also can choose mancozeb 70% wettable powder 400-500 times liquid spray, spray 7-10 days time, 3 times even;
Chemical control method of the soft rot in a more timely after the rain spraying 72% agricultural streptomycin wettable powder 4000 times liquid, can kill or 77% wettable powder 500 times liquid, or 50% succinic acid copper wettable powder 500 times liquid, such as spray once a week, continuous spray 3-4 times;
The virus disease chemical control method, before seeding with 10% phosphate trisodium to soak in half an hour to wash the bud, to passivate the virus.
Or use virus K or virus A or virus or virus or virus pure 400-500 times fluid at the beginning of the disease, or bacterial toxin 200-300 times liquid spray, A week spray, continuous spray 3 times.
Potassium permanganate 0.1% potassium permanganate and 1% superphosphate solution have certain control effect on Mosaic virus.
For strain with 50% armor frost copper wettable powder 500-600 times liquid, 60% DTM wettable powder 500 times liquid, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times liquid spray control, such as spray 7-10 days time, 2 to 3 times in a row, serious when spray once every five days, even three or four times.
