There are many methods of pest control, such as agricultural control, physical control, biological control and chemical control.
From the general tendency of control policy research, long-term effective control of insect pests in agricultural and physical control should be adopted as the main body, with biological control and chemical control measures for the prevention and control, so as to prevent and reduce the occurrence of pests and reduce the production cost, avoid human and animal toxicity, reduce the pollution to the environment, protect the ecological balance.
1. Clean countryside
Dead plants or hollow or filled with spongy material of which is the object of gramineae are insects in winter and wintering site, clear pastoral weeds, leaves, fruit, shave their old become warped coarse skin, residual pruning branches dead branches, burned or buried, can reduce the occurrence of pests.
The pastoral deciduous, maize straw and grain crop in cleaning the crackdown, smashing, heap retting, live to more than 90% of them can be killed by pests, such as corn borer, leaf moth, and to build a bridge insects and other pests.
In winter, the combination of shaving, brushing, washing, cleaning, etc., is good for pest control.
2. Winter ploughing
The wintering pass is the threshold of pest control, and the following year the occurrence base of pests will be greatly reduced.
Winter tillage should be carried out after the harvest of the previous crop.
Include intertilling can not only improve soil physical and chemical properties, to create the environmental conditions suitable for crop growth, increase crop disease and insect resistance, can also change the soil ecological condition, deteriorating pests on wintering sites.
The winter ploughing can turn the pests in soil into the soil table, exposing them to the uncomfortaby climate and increasing the death rate of pests.
Turn some pathogens and pests into the deep soil so that they can't be unearthed and die;
Through agricultural pests damage parts, and damages the soil wintering pests nests, pupa room, like a dream, the moth caterpillars, tea, tea geometrid larvae or pupae lives in shallow soil, through the winter ploughing, can increase the mortality rate.
3. Insect resistant varieties
Insect-resistant varieties play an important role in the agricultural production process, such as the resistance of wheat varieties to the growth of the population of the aphid.
The mechanism of crop resistance and insect resistance is multifaceted, except for the morphological structure and phenological factors, which are determined by its own physiological and biochemical characteristics.
The varieties of insect-resistant varieties can be obtained by means of conventional hybridization of radiation breeding and distant hybridization.
In addition, through reasonable planting, scientific management of fertilizer, such as fertilizer, and other crop protection measures, can also enhance the crop defense capability.
4. Adjust the planting period
Pests have a close relationship with crop growth period.
Insect feeding shows obvious stages, that is, special preference at a certain stage of crop growth, often spawning large Numbers of spawning and harm, while some of the reproductive stages are rarely harmful or even uneaten.
For annual crops, especially for crops with short growing seasons, it can alleviate the damage by regulating the planting period.
Such as maize or sorghum can reduce the spawning and larvae of the corn borer.
The early planting of sorghum can reduce the harm of sorghum gall.
Late rice early planting can alleviate the harm of rice gall.
5. Cropping system
There are three kinds of farming system: single, multi-cropping and rotation.
To promote the occurrence and development of certain diseases and pests.
Many crops can cause the diversity of crops and pests, and play the role of harmful and beneficial effects.
Fruit tree and tea tree intercropping can change tea garden microclimate, improve tea yield and quality, and benefit many natural enemies.
On both sides of the cotton furrow, sorghum aphids can be used for the prevention and control of cotton aphid, the eggs of cotton bollworm and the young larva.
Intercropping of cotton and rape, attracting and breeding aphid flies and other aphid enemies can control the cotton aphid;
The lettuce or mint of the cruciferous vegetables, which can be used to avoid the butterflies;
The earth's intercropping of castor oil can kill the beetle that kills peanuts.
Suitable host plants are conducive to the continuous life history, and the accumulation of insects can cause serious harm.
If one of these generation hosts a lack of and nutritional conditions, the amount of occurrence can be inhibited.
Therefore, the purpose of controlling pests can be achieved through rotation.
Such as 1 year season 4 kinds of cotton, yunnan as an rampant in all kinds of cotton, cotton and other crop rotation, significantly reduce harm in a diamond drill, implement reasonable rotation as well as other measures such as comprehensive prevention and control technology, control effect reaches above 95%.
6. Reasonable planting
Plants are also an integral part of the physical environment of insects in addition to feeding insects.
The number of hoppers decreased significantly after the turnip planting.
The amount of egg drop in the third and fourth generation of cotton bollworms decreased by more than 30%, and the density of the insect population decreased by more than 40%.
After the growth of the cotton in the late stage, it can increase the prefrost rate and cut off the food of the larvae, so that some larvae cannot complete the development of the generation.
Light shears and deep shear measures can be used to cut the pest in the range of 0 to 15cm below the canopy of the tree, and reduce the overwintering base.
In batches, the tea aphid, tea mites, leaf hoppers and wax cicadas can be reduced.
Suitable for dense planting, can alleviate the coffee leopard moth to harm.
7. Crop decoy
Many pests of crops, the adult have yellow and more flavor, using the characteristic of the insect pest trap, and the corresponding methods for can gather and fighters, to eliminate before spawning harm it.
It can eliminate pests, protect natural enemies, reduce pollution and avoid human zoonosis.
1 generation bollworm characteristics, trend of corn with the top flower spawn eggs hatch after 2 generation larvae has focused on maize tassel before age of 3, can be bent maize tassel, gently let larvae fell into instruments, the concentration field buried kill;
The insects, such as small tigeres and twill night moth, are highly flavorful and sensitive to acid and sweet taste, which can be used to make the sweet and vinegar pulp to kill.
The worm likes to lay eggs on yellow dead grass, which can be used to lure the moth into the grass to spawn, collect and burn the grass.
In the early march, the weeds were collected and burned, which greatly reduced the wintering radix.
8. Fertilizer management
The proper treatment of fertilizer is not only beneficial to the growth of crops, but also can aggravate the habitat of pests and thus reduce the harm of pests.
Wood ash can prevent aphids and species of flies from fruit trees, crops and flowers.
The concentration of 2% of superphosphate of calcium is repellent to the laying of cotton bollworm, and it can harden the egg shell.
Urea and carbonammonium are volatile and have a good fumigation effect on pests such as red spider, leaf mites, aphids and thistle.
The use of silicon calcium fertilizer in rice and wheat can reduce the pest damage.
Maize and soy are used to help prevent corn borers and pod borers.
In the case of fattening and fattening, controlling the use of fertilizer and bud fat can reduce the amount of egg drop of the second generation of bollworm.
Adding organic fertilizer can reduce the damage of the insects and mites.
Irrigation can make a great change in the living environment of pests in the soil, thus causing the pests to not adapt to the environment and die.
If the winter and spring irrigation, combined with the sweep of the earthquake, can eliminate the wheat root and the wheat and the wheat aphid in large quantities;
When the soil moisture content is about 30% in winter irrigation, the cotton bollworm pupa will die in 3-4 days.
Winter irrigation or spring irrigation can eliminate some of the leek.
Before the spring pupae of pupa, early spring ploughing irrigation, can drown the larvae of the sanhua borer.
In the occurrence period of rice planthopper, combined with the requirements of rice cultivation technique, the field of drainage and the field humidity can be reduced, and the amount of the occurrence can be reduced to a certain extent.
9. Early harvest
Early harvest is an important measure to reduce the pest population.
For example, two stubble of alfalfa head were cut in advance, and the larva of alfalfa was decimated by lack of shade and food.
Early harvest of soybean can make the remaining soybean worm and pod borer are eaten by chickens.
Picking the lower tobacco leaves in advance can reduce the number of leaf victims and the number of chrysalis larvae.
